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程式初心者 JAVA, ASP.NET, C# ,SQL

2010年11月3日 星期三

ORCLE函數大全

SQL中的單記錄函數
1.ASCII
返回與指定的字符對應的十進制數;
SQL> select ascii('A') A,ascii('a') a,ascii('0') zero,ascii(' ') space from dual;

A     A   ZERO   SPACE
--------- --------- --------- ---------
65    97    48    32


2.CHR
給出整數,返回對應的字符;
SQL> select chr(54740) zhao,chr(65) chr65 from dual;

ZH C
-- -
趙 A

3.CONCAT
連接兩個字符串;
SQL> select concat('010-','88888888')||'轉23' 高乾競電話 from dual;

高乾競電話
----------------
010-88888888轉23

4.INITCAP
返回字符串並將字符串的第一個字母變為大寫;
SQL> select initcap('smith') upp from dual;

UPP
-----
Smith


5.INSTR(C1,C2,I,J)
在一個字符串中搜索指定的字符,返回發現指定的字符的位置;
C1  被搜索的字符串
C2  希望搜索的字符串
I   搜索的開始位置,默認為1
J   出現的位置,默認為1
SQL> select instr('oracle traning','ra',1,2) instring from dual;

INSTRING
---------
9


6.LENGTH
返回字符串的長度;
SQL> select name,length(name),addr,length(addr),sal,length(to_char(sal)) from gao.nchar_tst;

NAME  LENGTH(NAME) ADDR       LENGTH(ADDR)    SAL LENGTH(TO_CHAR(SAL))
------ ------------ ---------------- ------------ --------- --------------------
高乾競      3 北京市海錠區        6  9999.99          7



7.LOWER
返回字符串,並將所有的字符小寫
SQL> select lower('AaBbCcDd')AaBbCcDd from dual;

AABBCCDD
--------
aabbccdd


8.UPPER
返回字符串,並將所有的字符大寫
SQL> select upper('AaBbCcDd') upper from dual;

UPPER
--------
AABBCCDD



9.RPAD和LPAD(粘貼字符)
RPAD 在列的右邊粘貼字符
LPAD 在列的左邊粘貼字符
SQL> select lpad(rpad('gao',10,'*'),17,'*')from dual;

LPAD(RPAD('GAO',1
-----------------
*******gao*******
不夠字符則用*來填滿


10.LTRIM和RTRIM
LTRIM 刪除左邊出現的字符串
RTRIM 刪除右邊出現的字符串
SQL> select ltrim(rtrim('  gao qian jing  ',' '),' ') from dual;

LTRIM(RTRIM('
-------------
gao qian jing


11.SUBSTR(string,start,count)
取子字符串,從start開始,取count個
SQL> select substr('13088888888',3,8) from dual;

SUBSTR('
--------
08888888


12.REPLACE('string','s1','s2')
string  希望被替換的字符或變量
s1    被替換的字符串
s2    要替換的字符串
SQL> select replace('he love you','he','i') from dual;

REPLACE('H
----------
i love you


13.SOUNDEX
返回一個與給定的字符串讀音相同的字符串
SQL> create table table1(xm varchar(8));
SQL> insert into table1 values('weather');
SQL> insert into table1 values('wether');
SQL> insert into table1 values('gao');

SQL> select xm from table1 where soundex(xm)=soundex('weather');

XM
--------
weather
wether


14.TRIM('s' from 'string')
LEADING  剪掉前面的字符
TRAILING 剪掉後面的字符
如果不指定,默認為空格符

15.ABS
返回指定值的絕對值
SQL> select abs(100),abs(-100) from dual;

ABS(100) ABS(-100)
--------- ---------
100    100


16.ACOS
給出反餘弦的值
SQL> select acos(-1) from dual;

ACOS(-1)
---------
3.1415927


17.ASIN
給出反正弦的值
SQL> select asin(0.5) from dual;

ASIN(0.5)
---------
.52359878


18.ATAN
返回一個數字的反正切值
SQL> select atan(1) from dual;

ATAN(1)
---------
.78539816


19.CEIL
返回大於或等於給出數字的最小整數
SQL> select ceil(3.1415927) from dual;

CEIL(3.1415927)
---------------
4


20.COS
返回一個給定數字的餘弦
SQL> select cos(-3.1415927) from dual;

COS(-3.1415927)
---------------
-1


21.COSH
返回一個數字反餘弦值
SQL> select cosh(20) from dual;

COSH(20)
---------
242582598


22.EXP
返回一個數字e的n次方根
SQL> select exp(2),exp(1) from dual;

EXP(2)  EXP(1)
--------- ---------
7.3890561 2.7182818


23.FLOOR
對給定的數字取整數
SQL> select floor(2345.67) from dual;

FLOOR(2345.67)
--------------
2345


24.LN
返回一個數字的對數值
SQL> select ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818) from dual;

LN(1)   LN(2) LN(2.7182818)
--------- --------- -------------
0 .69314718   .99999999


25.LOG(n1,n2)
返回一個以n1為底n2的對數
SQL> select log(2,1),log(2,4) from dual;

LOG(2,1) LOG(2,4)
--------- ---------
0     2


26.MOD(n1,n2)
返回一個n1除以n2的餘數
SQL> select mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3) from dual;

MOD(10,3) MOD(3,3) MOD(2,3)
--------- --------- ---------
1     0     2


27.POWER
返回n1的n2次方根
SQL> select power(2,10),power(3,3) from dual;

POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3)
----------- ----------
1024     27


28.ROUND和TRUNC
按照指定的精度進行捨入
SQL> select round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5) from dual;

ROUND(55.5) ROUND(-55.4) TRUNC(55.5) TRUNC(-55.5)
----------- ------------ ----------- ------------
56     -55     55     -55


29.SIGN
取數字n的符號,大於0返回1,小於0返回-1,等於0返回0
SQL> select sign(123),sign(-100),sign(0) from dual;

SIGN(123) SIGN(-100)  SIGN(0)
--------- ---------- ---------
1     -1     0


30.SIN
返回一個數字的正弦值
SQL> select sin(1.57079) from dual;

SIN(1.57079)
------------
1


31.SIGH
返回雙曲正弦的值
SQL> select sin(20),sinh(20) from dual;

SIN(20) SINH(20)
--------- ---------
.91294525 242582598


32.SQRT
返回數字n的根
SQL> select sqrt(64),sqrt(10) from dual;

SQRT(64) SQRT(10)
--------- ---------
8 3.1622777


33.TAN
返回數字的正切值
SQL> select tan(20),tan(10) from dual;

TAN(20)  TAN(10)
--------- ---------
2.2371609 .64836083


34.TANH
返回數字n的雙曲正切值
SQL> select tanh(20),tan(20) from dual;

TANH(20)  TAN(20)
--------- ---------
1 2.2371609



35.TRUNC
按照指定的精度截取一個數
SQL> select trunc(124.1666,-2) trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2) from dual;

TRUNC1 TRUNC(124.16666,2)
--------- ------------------
100       124.16



36.ADD_MONTHS
增加或減去月份
SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),2),'yyyymm') from dual;

TO_CHA
------
200002
SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),-2),'yyyymm') from dual;

TO_CHA
------
199910


37.LAST_DAY
返回日期的最後一天
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd'),to_char((sysdate)+1,'yyyy.mm.dd') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SY TO_CHAR((S
---------- ----------
2004.05.09 2004.05.10
SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual;

LAST_DAY(S
----------
31-5月 -04


38.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1)
給出date2-date1的月份
SQL> select months_between('19-12月-1999','19-3月-1999') mon_between from dual;

MON_BETWEEN
-----------
9
SQL>selectmonths_between(to_date('2000.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd'),to_date('2005.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd')) mon_betw from dual;

MON_BETW
---------
-60


39.NEW_TIME(date,'this','that')
給出在this時區=other時區的日期和時間
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') bj_time,to_char(new_time
2 (sysdate,'PDT','GMT'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') los_angles from dual;

BJ_TIME       LOS_ANGLES
------------------- -------------------
2004.05.09 11:05:32 2004.05.09 18:05:32


40.NEXT_DAY(date,'day')
給出日期date和星期x之後計算下一個星期的日期
SQL> select next_day('18-5月-2001','星期五') next_day from dual;

NEXT_DAY
----------
25-5月 -01



41.SYSDATE
用來得到系統的當前日期
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-mm-yyyy day') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'
-----------------
09-05-2004 星期日
trunc(date,fmt)按照給出的要求將日期截斷,如果fmt='mi'表示保留分,截斷秒
SQL> select to_char(trunc(sysdate,'hh'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hh,
2 to_char(trunc(sysdate,'mi'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hhmm from dual;

HH         HHMM
------------------- -------------------
2004.05.09 11:00:00 2004.05.09 11:17:00



42.CHARTOROWID
將字符數據類型轉換為ROWID類型
SQL> select rowid,rowidtochar(rowid),ename from scott.emp;

ROWID       ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID) ENAME
------------------ ------------------ ----------
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA SMITH
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB ALLEN
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC WARD
AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD JONES


43.CONVERT(c,dset,sset)
將源字符串 sset從一個語言字符集轉換到另一個目的dset字符集
SQL> select convert('strutz','we8hp','f7dec') "conversion" from dual;

conver
------
strutz


44.HEXTORAW
將一個十六進制構成的字符串轉換為二進制


45.RAWTOHEXT
將一個二進制構成的字符串轉換為十六進制



46.ROWIDTOCHAR
將ROWID數據類型轉換為字符類型



47.TO_CHAR(date,'format')
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY
-------------------
2004/05/09 21:14:41



48.TO_DATE(string,'format')
將字符串轉化為ORACLE中的一個日期


49.TO_MULTI_BYTE
將字符串中的單字節字符轉化為多字節字符
SQL> select to_multi_byte('高') from dual;

TO
--



50.TO_NUMBER
將給出的字符轉換為數字
SQL> select to_number('1999') year from dual;

YEAR
---------
1999


51.BFILENAME(dir,file)
指定一個外部二進制文件
SQL>insert into file_tb1 values(bfilename('lob_dir1','image1.gif'));


52.CONVERT('x','desc','source')
將x字段或變量的源source轉換為desc
SQL> select sid,serial#,username,decode(command,
2 0,'none',
3 2,'insert',
4 3,
5 'select',
6 6,'update',
7 7,'delete',
8 8,'drop',
9 'other') cmd from v$session where type!='background';

SID  SERIAL# USERNAME            CMD
--------- --------- ------------------------------ ------
1     1                none
2     1                none
3     1                none
4     1                none
5     1                none
6     1                none
7   1275                none
8   1275                none
9    20 GAO              select
10    40 GAO              none


53.DUMP(s,fmt,start,length)
DUMP函數以fmt指定的內部數字格式返回一個VARCHAR2類型的值
SQL> col global_name for a30
SQL> col dump_string for a50
SQL> set lin 200
SQL> select global_name,dump(global_name,1017,8,5) dump_string from global_name;

GLOBAL_NAME          DUMP_STRING
------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
ORACLE.WORLD          Typ=1 Len=12 CharacterSet=ZHS16GBK: W,O,R,L,D


54.EMPTY_BLOB()和EMPTY_CLOB()
這兩個函數都是用來對大數據類型字段進行初始化操作的函數


55.GREATEST
返回一組表達式中的最大值,即比較字符的編碼大小.
SQL> select greatest('AA','AB','AC') from dual;

GR
--
AC
SQL> select greatest('啊','安','天') from dual;

GR
--



56.LEAST
返回一組表達式中的最小值
SQL> select least('啊','安','天') from dual;

LE
--



57.UID
返回標識當前用戶的唯一整數
SQL> show user
USER 為"GAO"
SQL> select username,user_id from dba_users where user_id=uid;

USERNAME             USER_ID
------------------------------ ---------
GAO                  25



58.USER
返回當前用戶的名字
SQL> select user from dual;

USER
------------------------------
GAO


59.USEREVN
返回當前用戶環境的信息,opt可以是:
ENTRYID,SESSIONID,TERMINAL,ISDBA,LABLE,LANGUAGE,CLIENT_INFO,LANG,VSIZE
ISDBA 查看當前用戶是否是DBA如果是則返回true
SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;

USEREN
------
FALSE
SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;

USEREN
------
TRUE
SESSION
返回會話標誌
SQL> select userenv('sessionid') from dual;

USERENV('SESSIONID')
--------------------
152
ENTRYID
返回會話人口標誌
SQL> select userenv('entryid') from dual;

USERENV('ENTRYID')
------------------
0
INSTANCE
返回當前INSTANCE的標誌
SQL> select userenv('instance') from dual;

USERENV('INSTANCE')
-------------------
1
LANGUAGE
返回當前環境變量
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
LANG
返回當前環境的語言的縮寫
SQL> select userenv('lang') from dual;

USERENV('LANG')
----------------------------------------------------
ZHS
TERMINAL
返回用戶的終端或機器的標誌
SQL> select userenv('terminal') from dual;

USERENV('TERMINA
----------------
GAO
VSIZE(X)
返回X的大小(字節)數
SQL> select vsize(user),user from dual;

VSIZE(USER) USER
----------- ------------------------------
6 SYSTEM



60.AVG(DISTINCT|ALL)
all表示對所有的值求平均值,distinct只對不同的值求平均值
SQLWKS> create table table3(xm varchar(8),sal number(7,2));
語句已處理。
SQLWKS> insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11);
SQLWKS> insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11);
SQLWKS> insert into table3 values('zhu',5555.55);
SQLWKS> commit;

SQL> select avg(distinct sal) from gao.table3;

AVG(DISTINCTSAL)
----------------
3333.33

SQL> select avg(all sal) from gao.table3;

AVG(ALLSAL)
-----------
2592.59


61.MAX(DISTINCT|ALL)
求最大值,ALL表示對所有的值求最大值,DISTINCT表示對不同的值求最大值,相同的只取一次
SQL> select max(distinct sal) from scott.emp;

MAX(DISTINCTSAL)
----------------
5000


62.MIN(DISTINCT|ALL)
求最小值,ALL表示對所有的值求最小值,DISTINCT表示對不同的值求最小值,相同的只取一次
SQL> select min(all sal) from gao.table3;

MIN(ALLSAL)
-----------
1111.11


63.STDDEV(distinct|all)
求標準差,ALL表示對所有的值求標準差,DISTINCT表示只對不同的值求標準差
SQL> select stddev(sal) from scott.emp;

STDDEV(SAL)
-----------
1182.5032

SQL> select stddev(distinct sal) from scott.emp;

STDDEV(DISTINCTSAL)
-------------------
1229.951



64.VARIANCE(DISTINCT|ALL)
求協方差

SQL> select variance(sal) from scott.emp;

VARIANCE(SAL)
-------------
1398313.9


65.GROUP BY
主要用來對一組數進行統計
SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno;

DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)
--------- --------- ---------
10     3   8750
20     5   10875
30     6   9400



66.HAVING
對分組統計再加限制條件
SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno having count(*)>=5;

DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)
--------- --------- ---------
20     5   10875
30     6   9400
SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp having count(*)>=5 group by deptno ;

DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)
--------- --------- ---------
20     5   10875
30     6   9400


67.ORDER BY
用於對查詢到的結果進行排序輸出
SQL> select deptno,ename,sal from scott.emp order by deptno,sal desc;

DEPTNO ENAME      SAL
--------- ---------- ---------
10 KING      5000
10 CLARK      2450
10 MILLER     1300
20 SCOTT      3000
20 FORD      3000
20 JONES      2975
20 ADAMS      1100
20 SMITH      800
30 BLAKE      2850
30 ALLEN      1600
30 TURNER     1500
30 WARD      1250
30 MARTIN     1250
30 JAMES      950

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